Goddess Saraswati is revered in Hinduism as the embodiment of knowledge, wisdom, music, arts, and learning. She is the goddess of learning and wisdom is the consort of Lord Brahma.
Saraswati, iconographically depicted with four arms, holds symbolic items representing various aspects. On the one hand, she carries the veena, symbolizing the music of the cosmos and the inner sound of OM from which the universe emerged. Another hand holds a book, signifying knowledge, while a rosary (mala) emphasizes the meditative aspect. Completing the ensemble is a pot of water, symbolizing purity and the purifying power of knowledge.
Additionally, Saraswati holds palm leaf scrolls to epitomize learning. She sits on a lotus or a peacock, the latter representing the suppression of ego in pursuing true knowledge. The graceful swan serves as her Vahana, or vehicle, embodying the elegance associated with the goddess of wisdom.
Mentions in Hindu Scripture
Goddess Saraswati is prominently featured in various Hindu scriptures, particularly the Devi Bhagavata Purana. The most significant mentions are in the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, and the Puranas.
According to the Rigveda, Saraswati is praised as the divine river, representing the flow of knowledge. In the Yajurveda, she is associated with speech and is considered the mother of the Vedas. The Atharvaveda praises her as the goddess of wisdom, eloquence, and the arts.
In the Devi Bhagavata Purana, Saraswati is presented as the consort of Lord Brahma, the creator. This text describes her as having a fair complexion, seated on a white lotus, adorned with white garments and veena (musical instrument), symbolizing the harmonious blend of wisdom and artistic pursuits.
Saraswati Puja
Temples of Saraswati are ubiquitous. She is widely honored and portrayed, and there is a specific day devoted each year to her exaltation, Saraswati Puja.
Saraswati Puja, also known as Vasant Panchami is a auspicious day to worship Goddess Saraswati. Celebrated on the fifth day of the bright half of the lunar month of Magha, usually in January or February, this day marks the arrival of spring. It is considered highly auspicious for seeking knowledge and creative inspiration. Devotees worship Saraswati to invoke her blessings for academic success, artistic brilliance, and overall wisdom.
People worship Saraswati to attain knowledge, skill, and eloquence, making her a focal point for students, scholars, and artists. The belief is that through her grace, one can overcome ignorance and excel in various fields of learning and creativity.
Saraswati Puja is a major Hindu festival dedicated to the goddess. Devotees set up elaborate pandals (temporary structures) with idols or images of Saraswati, performed rituals, offered prayers, and sought her blessings. On this day, students commonly place their books, instruments, or tools in front of the goddess, believing that her divine energy will enhance their abilities.
Navratri is another important festival associated with Saraswati. It is a nine-night celebration dedicated to the divine feminine. Saraswati is worshipped along with other goddesses during the festival, emphasizing her role in the cosmic order.
Goddess Saraswati is also revered during the festival of Diwali, where her worship is considered essential for the prosperity and well-being of households. Devotees seek her blessings for intellectual growth and success in their endeavors.